?At best, a thermometer only ever measures its temperature?. The aim is therefore to equalise the temperature of the sensor element to that of the medium to be measured. Only then will the thermometer display the actual medium temperature.Principles to be consideredThe heat always flows from the warmer body to the colder oneBodies at different … Read more
Manufacturers of electronic pressure switches often offer both PNP and NPN switching outputs. Here is a brief explanation how the two different outputs should be connected.In principle, both are bipolar transistors in which only the internal arrangement of the pn transitions differs. This is why the load must be connected differently to the transistor outputs.PNP … Read more
Ten percent of all those who work at WIKA Switzerland are in training. Their designation is “apprentice”. Currently, Insult are growing into nine different professions. For the Hitzkirch subsidiary, they are the future of the industry – the corporate commitment is correspondingly high.Training at WIKA Switzerland really is a great thing. The individual training courses … Read more
Submersible pressure transmitters as well known as level probes are intended to be used in immersion applications, thus they are immersed completely into the medium and, therefore, must withstand the properties of the media at all times.Both in water and wastewater treatment as well as in tank monitoring, moisture may enter through the housing of … Read more
When a constant current is passed through a thermometer of resistance Rt and a set reference resistor of known value Rs, the voltage across them will undoubtedly be in direct proportion to their resistance values.The ratio of both voltages and therefore of both resistors, could be measured very accurately using high-precision voltage divider techniques used … Read more
Pressure monitoring in the pharmaceutical industry is a demanding task with a wide variety of requirements. However, a corresponding diversification in instrumentation does not have to be an inevitable consequence. This is demonstrated by the use of a universal process transmitter from WIKA in the production of API (“active pharmaceutical ingredients”).Such active pharmaceutical ingredients form … Read more
In previous articles about the fields of application of different pressure sensors, I’ve described the special top features of the different versions. Pressure range and ambient conditions are decisive when selecting the right sensor for a problem to be solved.In Uncomfortable measuring ranges (e.g. < 10 bar), it is important to know whether a vented ... Read more
Vent valve rather than vent hole: With this option, the model PG43SA-S hygienic diaphragm pressure gauge is even suitable for pharmaceutical cleaning from the outside with particularly aggressive agents. The closed valve seals the inside of the pressure gauge relative to IP68 ingress protection. In this way, it prevents the penetration of cleaning media.In the … Read more
Modern electronic switches often offer a variety of different adjustable switching functions, such as the so-called “window”. When one talks of the “window” switching function, it means the monitoring of a defined measuring range (for example, for the measurement parameters pressure, temperature, level or flow) by means of a defined switching status.Generally, in most applications, … Read more
Requirement and solution − The following example from China shows WIKA’s competence in the pharmaceutical sector: One of the biggest vaccine manufacturers in China urgently needed a safe and autoclavable pressure gauge in hygienic design for the production of an anti-Covid vaccine. Its task: Monitoring pressure before and after filtration where the finished vaccine is … Read more